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Frederick (Fred) Barnard (London 16 May 1846 – 28 September 1896 London)〔 *Alan Clark, ''Dictionary of British Comic Artists, Writers and Editors'', The British Library, 1998, p. 9〕 was a Victorian English illustrator, caricaturist and genre painter. He is noted for his work on the novels of Charles Dickens published between 1871 and 1879 by Chapman and Hall. ==Life and work== Barnard was the son of a silversmith. He studied art under Léon Bonnat in Paris, and worked in London and at Cullercoats on the Northumberland coast. His work was exhibited at the Royal Academy of Art. He also worked as an illustrator for ''Punch'', ''The Illustrated London News'', and ''Harper's Weekly''. In 1870 Barnard married Alice Faraday, a niece of Michael Faraday. In the 1880s, Barnard and his wife joined a colony of artists at Broadway in the Cotswolds. In 1871 Barnard was commissioned by Chapman and Hall to illustrate nine volumes of the Household Edition of Dickens' work. It included ''Bleak House'', ''A Tale of Two Cities'', ''Sketches by Boz'', ''Nicholas Nickleby'', ''Barnaby Rudge'', ''Dombey and Son'' and ''Martin Chuzzlewit''. He followed in the footsteps of the respected illustrator Hablot Knight Browne who had worked with Dickens himself. Barnard created some 450 illustrations over an eight-year period, and became known as "the Charles Dickens among black-and-white artists." Barnard concentrated on illustrating scenes other than those that Browne and Dickens had chosen to portray. Whereas Browne was inclined to create dramatic group scenes for his prints, Barnard was more interested in showing the relationships between pairs of characters. At the same time, Barnard also had to seamlessly blend the characters as visualised by Browne with his own style, trying not to deviate too much from their established appearance. By the end of the nineteenth century, Barnard had also acquired a reputation as a portraitist to the aristocracy and the Royal Family. After the death of his son Geoffrey in 1891, Barnard went into a decline. His relationship with Alice suffered, and he fell into a deep depression, which he tried to escape by taking laudanum. On 27 September 1896 Barnard died in Wimbledon after his bedclothes caught fire from the pipe he was smoking while under the influence of a drug, probably laudanum. His cause of death was suffocation, although his body was also badly charred. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fred Barnard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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